Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)

Concise Takeaway NIIT is a 3.8% tax on net investment income for individuals, estates, and certain trusts whose modified AGI exceeds statutory thresholds. Who NIIT Applies To NIIT applies to: U.S. citizens U.S. residents Estates and certain trusts NIIT does not apply...

Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)

Concise Takeaway AMT is a parallel tax system that removes certain deductions and preferences. If the tentative minimum tax is higher than regular tax, the taxpayer pays AMT. Purpose of AMT AMT applies when certain income or deductions receive favorable treatment...

Tax Calculation and Additional Taxes

Concise Takeaway Federal income tax moves through a simple sequence: taxable income → tax → credits → additional taxes → total payments → refund or balance due. Tax Calculation Overview Federal income tax is based on taxable income using a progressive rate system....

Additional Deductions (2025–2028)

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act created four temporary additional deductions available from 2025 through 2028. These deductions apply whether the taxpayer itemizes or claims the standard deduction and are claimed on Schedule 1‑A, Additional Deductions. All four...