Business Income and Loss

A trade or business exists when the taxpayer engages in an activity with a profit motive and participates with continuity and regularity. Profit is not required every year, but the taxpayer must make ongoing, good‑faith efforts to operate the activity for income....

Rental Income and Expenses

Rental income is generally taxable, and allowable rental expenses reduce that income. The result is either a rental gain or a rental loss. Most rental real estate is reported on Schedule E, unless the taxpayer provides substantial services, in which case the activity...

Social Security Benefits

A portion of Social Security benefits becomes taxable when a taxpayer’s provisional income exceeds certain thresholds. The taxable amount depends on filing status, total benefits received, and all other income. Provisional Income Provisional income is calculated as:...

Interest Income

Interest is compensation for the use of money. It is generally earned from deposit accounts, investments, loans, and certain financial instruments. Most payors issue Form 1099‑INT when they pay $10 or more of interest. Partnerships, S corporations, estates, and trusts...