Loss Limitations for Individuals

Losses from trades or businesses—including pass‑through losses from partnerships and S corporations—are deductible only after applying four sequential limitations: Basis limitation At‑risk limitation Passive activity limitation Excess business loss limitation A loss...

Business Tax Credits

Many federal business credits are grouped into the general business credit and claimed on Form 3800. The credit equals: Prior‑year carryforwards  Current‑year credits Future carrybacks (if applicable) The general business credit is nonrefundable. It can reduce tax...

Business Expenses and Deductions

Section 162 allows deductions for ordinary and necessary business expenses paid or incurred during the year. These include reasonable compensation, travel away from home, and rent for property used in business. Start‑Up & Organizational Costs Start‑up and...

Employee Compensation Rules

Employee compensation includes wages, benefits, reimbursements, and employer‑provided perks. For tax purposes, employers must determine whether payments are taxable, deductible, or excludable, and whether they are subject to employment taxes. Key Employee & Highly...

Inventory Rules for Taxpayers

Inventory is required when the production, purchase, or sale of merchandise is a key income‑producing factor. When inventory is required, the business must use the accrual method for purchases and sales and must value inventory at the beginning and end of each tax...